THIS WEEKS LATEST LEARNINGS
Cool stuff absolutely nobody knows.
NEW TYPE OF FAT CELL
THE FUTILE CYCLE ADIPOCYTE
A new type of fat cell has been discovered. It explains a lot about metabolism. It's called a futile cycle adipocyte. Its found in beige fat. Beige fat is white fat that takes on the characteristics of brown fat.
Futile cycle adipocytes seem to generate heat energy by burning fat. In other words, they act like a furnace that turns on for no particular reason. Normally, the body conserves energy wherever it can. These types of fat cells seem to burn energy from fat whenever they can. Getting white fat cells to convert into futile cycle adipocytes is something scientists are looking at as a potential avenue for treating metabolic disease and obesity.
Metabolically futile cycle adipocytes could explain changes in metabolism between the young and old. It may be we simply have more of them when we are young.
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Sex Specific Differences
Highlighted
A new meta-review of sex-specific differences between men and women revealed intriguing differences between how men and women handle dietary changes. Given this was a meta review, and combined human and mice data, all of this should be taken as possibilities, but not conclusive.
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Men seem to increase metabolism from high protein more than women.
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Women seem to have a greater satiety response from high protein than men.
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Women seem to better handle less healthful dietary fats. In response to high fat diets, only men seem to spike Triglycerides after a meal.
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Women may be better at responding to high fat diets by increasing fat oxidation.
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In response to balanced diets like the Mediterranean diet, men seem to improve insulin sensitivity more than women, but the reason may be because men have more visceral fat and losing visceral increases insulin senstivity more than subcutaneous fat.
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New fat loss compound:
N-acetyltaurine
A metabolite of Taurine. N-Acetyltaurine seems to reduce appetite, and suprress fat storage. A research group out of Stanford is investigating this new pathway as a possible anti-obesity drug that could be used with GLP-1 drugs like Mounjaro.
GIP Sensitive fat cells:
A new study has revealed a potentially shocking new dimension to fat cells. They can be sensitive or insensitive to GLP-1 and GIP, the incretin hormones that so many new drugs are based on.
It appears that internal machinery in the fat cell is normally sensitive to these two hormones. When that machinery breaks, it breaks the ability of the fat cell to do its job and store fat, leading to lipid spillover into other tissues.
This discovery, and the notion of receptors for GLP-1 and GIP on the fat cell becoming insensitive dramatically impact our view of how fat cells work.
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Refined sugar directly alters the brain to drive leptin resistance
A series of elaborate controlled experiments with rats has been able to demonstrate that sucrose, or processed and refined sugar is able to inherently modify signaling in the hypothalamus of the brain to essentially break leptin sensitivity.
Leptin decreases food intake. With leptin resistance, as seen in obesity, eating becomes uninhibited. This is direct evidenced that sugar has is inherently destructive to appetite control.
Age related Loss of Muscle/Loss of
Vo2Max related.
Skeletal muscle mass and VO2max are closely related. As we loss muscle and this phenomenon contributes to the age-related decline in VO2max.
Research with rowers has demonstrated that skeletal muscle mass decline leads to a decline in vo2max.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0160275&type=printable